<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Speaker Deck | Easily Share Your Presentations Online</title>
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" crossorigin>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://d1eu30co0ohy4w.cloudfront.net/assets/application-7a6c79d9e664c8c1dab0f20ba5c84b65ebc0dd8b755bdb3748cf9197ae783e74.css" />
<script src="https://d1eu30co0ohy4w.cloudfront.net/assets/application-6671076983cb094c30ae.js"></script>
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://d1eu30co0ohy4w.cloudfront.net/assets/favicon-bdd5839d46040a50edf189174e6f7aacc8abb3aaecd56a4711cf00d820883f47.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" href="https://d1eu30co0ohy4w.cloudfront.net/assets/favicon-bdd5839d46040a50edf189174e6f7aacc8abb3aaecd56a4711cf00d820883f47.png" />
<link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover">
<meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" />
<meta name="csrf-token" content="fYPaBgC3eDgcdW1w8HyV0835vauR54v9XbCS1v59Dzv_MphF251ajTLZdOMQR2cwGuGA7yeSDv2F35u92a5s8g" />
<style>
@media only screen and (min-width: 0px) and (min-height: 0px) { .ads-container > div { min-width:300px; min-height:250px; } }
@media only screen and (min-width: 640px) and (min-height: 0px) { .ads-container > div { min-width:570px; min-height:90px; } }
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
(function(){
var bsa_optimize=document.createElement('script');
bsa_optimize.type='text/javascript';
bsa_optimize.async=true;
bsa_optimize.src='https://cdn4.buysellads.net/pub/speakerdeck.js?'+(new Date()-new Date()%600000);
(document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(bsa_optimize);
})();
</script>
</head>
<body class="sd-app">
<div class="sd-menu">
<div class="container sd-menu-fixed-container">
<div class="sd-brand">
<a class="sd-brand-logo" href="/">
<img alt="Speaker Deck" width="32" height="20" src="https://d1eu30co0ohy4w.cloudfront.net/assets/mark-f4be6df1e05965cac9f98e664a6c35f5ffdd0207385d07464a9214d6cdf76082.svg" /> <span class="d-none d-xl-inline">Speaker Deck</span>
</a> </div>
<nav class="sd-fixed-nav" aria-label="Primary">
<div class="sd-nav-main js-toggle-container">
<ul class="sd-nav-fixed-group nav toggle-flex-when-off">
<li class="sd-nav-item nav-item d-none d-md-block">
<a class="sd-nav-link nav-link" href="/features">
Features
</a> </li>
<li class="sd-nav-item nav-item d-none d-md-block">
<a class="sd-nav-link nav-link" href="/pro">
<span class="d-none d-md-inline">Speaker Deck</span>
<div class="badge badge-pro-prominent">PRO</div>
</a> </li>
<li class="sd-nav-item nav-item">
<a class="sd-nav-link nav-link" href="/signin">
Sign in
</a> </li>
<li class="sd-nav-item nav-item">
<a class="btn btn-primary" href="/signup">
Sign up for free
</a> </li>
<li class="sd-nav-item d-block d-md-none">
<button class="btn btn-link me-2 js-toggle-trigger" aria-label="Toggle Search">
<svg class="icon icon-search "><use xlink:href="/icons/icons.svg?v=2025-04-16#icon-search"></use></svg>
</button>
</li>
<li class="sd-nav-item nav-item d-none d-md-block">
<form action="https://www.google.com/cse" id="cse-search-box" class="row">
<input type="hidden" name="cx" value="010150859881542981030:hqhxyxpwtc4">
<input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8">
<label for="q" class="visually-hidden">Search</label>
<div class="col"><input type="text" name="q" id="q" value="" placeholder="Search..." class="form-control search-input w-auto"></div>
<div class="col"><input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search" class="btn btn-outline-primary d-inline-block d-md-none d-lg-inline-block"></div>
</form>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="sd-nav-fixed-group nav toggle-flex-when-on">
<li class="sd-nav-item">
<form action="https://www.google.com/cse" id="cse-search-box" class="row">
<input type="hidden" name="cx" value="010150859881542981030:hqhxyxpwtc4">
<input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8">
<label for="q" class="visually-hidden">Search</label>
<div class="col"><input type="text" name="q" id="q" value="" placeholder="Search..." class="form-control search-input w-auto"></div>
<div class="col"><input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search" class="btn btn-outline-primary d-inline-block d-md-none d-lg-inline-block"></div>
</form>
</li>
<li class="sd-nav-item pe-2">
<button class="btn btn-link js-toggle-trigger">
<svg class="icon icon-x "><use xlink:href="/icons/icons.svg?v=2025-04-16#icon-x"></use></svg>
</button>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sd-main">
User-agent: *
Disallow: /*signin?*
Disallow: /*kolkata*
Disallow: /*call-0821*
Disallow: /*return_to=*
Disallow: /*share.php?*
Disallow: /*.atom*
Allow: /p/all.atom?page=10
Allow: /p/all.atom?page=9
Allow: /p/all.atom?page=8
Allow: /p/all.atom?page=7
Allow: /p/all.atom?page=6
Allow: /p/all.atom?page=5
Allow: /p/all.atom?page=4
Allow: /p/all.atom?page=3
Allow: /p/all.atom?page=2
Allow: /p/all.atom?page=1
Allow: /p/all.atom
Allow: /c/how-to-diy.atom
Allow: /c/technology.atom
Allow: /c/science.atom
Allow: /c/research.atom
Allow: /c/programming.atom
Allow: /c/design.atom
Allow: /c/business.atom
Allow: /p/featured.atom
Allow: /c/education.atom
</div>
<footer class="d-block bg-black sd-footer">
<img alt="" class="footer-logo-bg" loading="lazy" src="https://d1eu30co0ohy4w.cloudfront.net/assets/mark-f4be6df1e05965cac9f98e664a6c35f5ffdd0207385d07464a9214d6cdf76082.svg" />
<div class="container position-relative">
<div class="row py-3 py-md-5 justify-content-lg-between">
<div class="col-12 col-md-4 col-lg-3 text-center mb-2">
<a href="/">
<img alt="Speaker Deck" class="footer-logo mb-2" loading="lazy" src="https://d1eu30co0ohy4w.cloudfront.net/assets/mark-f4be6df1e05965cac9f98e664a6c35f5ffdd0207385d07464a9214d6cdf76082.svg" width="70" height="44" />
<p class="speaker-deck">SpeakerDeck</p>
</a>
<a class="footer-icon mx-1" title="SpeakerDeck on Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/speakerdeck"><svg class="icon icon-facebook "><use xlink:href="/icons/icons.svg?v=2025-04-16#icon-facebook"></use></svg></a>
<a class="footer-icon mx-1" title="SpeakerDeck on Twitter" href="https://x.com/speakerdeck"><svg class="icon icon-twitter-x "><use xlink:href="/icons/icons.svg?v=2025-04-16#icon-twitter-x"></use></svg></a>
</div>
<div class="col-12 col-md-4 col-lg-auto py-2">
<nav aria-label="Top Categories">
<h2>Top Categories</h2>
<ul class="nav-footer">
<li><a href="/c/programming">Programming</a></li>
<li><a href="/c/technology">Technology</a></li>
<li class="mb-3"><a href="/c/storyboards">Storyboards</a></li>
<li><a href="/p/featured">Featured decks</a></li>
<li><a href="/s/featured">Featured speakers</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="col-12 col-md-4 col-lg-auto py-2">
<nav aria-label="Legal">
<h2>Use Cases</h2>
<ul class="nav-footer">
<li><a href="/pro/storyboard-artists">Storyboard Artists</a></li>
<li><a href="/educators">Educators</a></li>
<li><a href="/student-pricing">Students</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="col-12 col-md-4 col-lg-auto offset-md-4 offset-lg-0 py-2">
<nav aria-label="Resources">
<h2>Resources</h2>
<ul class="nav-footer">
<li><a href="https://help.speakerdeck.com/">Help Center</a></li>
<li><a href="https://blog.speakerdeck.com/">Blog</a></li>
<li><a href="/slideshare-alternative">Compare Speaker Deck</a></li>
<li><a href="/advertising">Advertising</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="col-12 col-md-4 col-lg-auto py-2">
<nav aria-label="Features">
<h2>Features</h2>
<ul class="nav-footer">
<li><a href="/features/privacy-controls">Private URLs</a></li>
<li><a href="/features/password-protection">Password Protection</a></li>
<li><a href="/features/custom-urls">Custom URLS</a></li>
<li><a href="/features/scheduled-publishing">Scheduled publishing</a></li>
<li><a href="/features/remove-branding">Remove Branding</a></li>
<li><a href="/features/restrict-embedding">Restrict embedding</a></li>
<li><a href="/features/slide-notes">Notes</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row text-center border-top">
<div class="col-12 py-3">
<p class="copyright-text mb-1">Copyright © 2025 Speaker Deck, LLC.</p>
<p class="mb-1">All slide content and descriptions are owned by their creators.</p>
<ul class="list-inline">
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="/about">About</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="/tos">Terms</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="/privacy">Privacy</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="/dmca">DMCA</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a href="/accessibility">Accessibility Statement</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<script src="https://d1eu30co0ohy4w.cloudfront.net/assets/stats-985244a1810e3ad665b3.js"></script>
<script data-turbolinks-eval="false">
Stats.host = 'speakerdeck.com';
</script>
<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-8WD0LC0MP9"></script>
<script>
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
gtag('js', new Date());
gtag('config', 'G-8WD0LC0MP9');
</script>
<script>
!function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) {
if(f.fbq) return;
n=f.fbq=function() { n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments) : n.queue.push(arguments) };
if(!f._fbq) f._fbq=n; n.push=n; n.loaded=!0; n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];
t=b.createElement(e); t.async=!0; t.src=v;
s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];
s.parentNode.insertBefore(t, s)
}(window, document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js');
fbq('init', '2893765844191276');
fbq('track', 'PageView');
</script>
<noscript>
<img height="1" width="1" style="display:none" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=2893765844191276&ev=PageView&noscript=1" />
</noscript>
<script async type="text/javascript" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script>
<script>
Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('.facebook-share')).forEach((element) => {
element.addEventListener('click', function(e){
e.preventDefault()
let title = encodeURIComponent(document.title)
let url = encodeURIComponent(document.location.href)
window.open('https://www.facebook.com/dialog/share?app_id=1428152667543587&display=popup&href=' + url + '&title=' + title, "_blank", "toolbar=no,menubar=no,location=yes,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,status=yes,width=600,height=400,modal=yes,alwaysRaised=yes");
}, false)
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
robots.txt